494: Rutger Bregman | Humankind: A Hopeful History

Veneer Theory

Rutger Bregman challenges the veneer theory, which suggests that civilization is a thin layer masking humanity's inherent selfishness. He argues that this idea persists because it benefits those in power, creating a need for control and hierarchy 1. The negativity bias, where negative events impact us more than positive ones, also fuels this belief 2. Bregman notes that during crises, such as the London Blitz, people often exhibit resilience and cooperation, contradicting the notion that chaos reveals our worst instincts 3.

The same thing happened again because it turns out it wasn't British culture. It was human nature. This is what people do during times of crises, we tend to pull together and, in a way, it brings out the best in us.

--- Rutger Bregman

This perspective suggests that humanity's true nature is more altruistic than traditionally believed.

   

Human Evolution

Bregman introduces the concept of the "puppification" of humanity, suggesting that humans have evolved to be friendlier and more cooperative over time 4. This evolution is evident in our physical traits and behaviors, akin to the domestication of dogs from wolves. He highlights the role of cumulative culture, where humans rely on collective knowledge and cooperation, distinguishing us from other species 5. Our unique ability to blush, which fosters trust, exemplifies this evolution 6.

Some scientists talk about survival of the friendliest. Which means that for millennia was actually the front among us who had the most kids and had the biggest chance of passing on their genes to the next generation.

--- Rutger Bregman

This friendliness has been crucial to our success as a species.

   

Crisis Response

In times of crisis, humans often display remarkable cooperation and altruism, contrary to the belief that such situations bring out selfishness 7. Bregman cites numerous studies showing that disasters typically lead to increased solidarity and mutual aid among people 8. The COVID-19 pandemic, despite its isolating nature, saw widespread cooperation and adaptation, highlighting humanity's capacity for collective action 9.

It's a real indictment of the thing that we call democracy today, but I would say an elective aristocracy where the only thing we're allowed to do is to pick our own aristocrats, but that's pretty much it.

--- Rutger Bregman

These examples underscore the potential for crises to unite rather than divide us.